Catalan words avoiding a pattern of length four
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55016/g3gszf44Abstract
Let $\mathcal{C}_n$ denote the set of Catalan words of length $n$ and $\mathcal{C}_n(p)$ the subset of $\mathcal{C}_n$ whose members avoid the pattern $p$. In this paper, we enumerate members of $\mathcal{C}_n(p)$ where $p$ is a permutation pattern of length four. This extends recent work on Catalan words concerning the avoidance of classical, consecutive or vincular patterns of length at most three. Indeed, we determine the generating function of the distribution for the number of descents on each of the corresponding avoidance classes. We make use of the symbolic counting method to establish our results, together with a variety of other enumerative techniques, including use of strategic decompositions, introduction of auxiliary generating functions and analysis of active sites.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jean-Luc Baril, Toufik Mansour, Jose L. Ramirez, Mark Shattuck
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
This copyright statement was adapted from the statement for the University of Calgary Repository and from the statement for the Electronic Journal of Combinatorics (with permission).
The copyright policy for Contributions to Discrete Mathematics (CDM) is changed for all articles appearing in issues of the journal starting from Volume 15 Number 3.
Author(s) retain copyright over submissions published starting from Volume 15 number 3. When the author(s) indicate approval of the finalized version of the article provided by the technical editors of the journal and indicate approval, they grant to Contributions to Discrete Mathematics (CDM) a world-wide, irrevocable, royalty free, non-exclusive license as described below:
The author(s) grant to CDM the right to reproduce, translate (as defined below), and/or distribute the material, including the abstract, in print and electronic format, including but not limited to audio or video.
The author(s) agree that the journal may translate, without changing the content the material, to any medium or format for the purposes of preservation.
The author(s) also agree that the journal may keep more than one copy of the article for the purposes of security, back-up, and preservation.
In granting the journal this license the author(s) warrant that the work is their original work and that they have the right to grant the rights contained in this license.
The authors represent that the work does not, to the best of their knowledge, infringe upon anyone’s copyright.
If the work contains material for which the author(s) do not hold copyright, the author(s) represent that the unrestricted permission of the copyright holder(s) to grant CDM the rights required by this license has been obtained, and that such third-party owned material is clearly identified and acknowledged within the text or content of the work.
The author(s) agree to ensure, to the extent reasonably possible, that further publication of the Work, with the same or substantially the same content, will acknowledge prior publication in CDM.
The journal highly recommends that the work be published with a Creative Commons license. Unless otherwise arranged at the time the finalized version is approved and the licence granted with CDM, the work will appear with the CC-BY-ND logo. Here is the site to get more detail, and an excerpt from the site about the CC-BY-ND. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/
Attribution-NoDerivs
CC BY-ND
This license lets others reuse the work for any purpose, including commercially; however, it cannot be shared with others in adapted form, and credit must be provided to you.